Is there OBD for electronic components, how can you check whether an individual component is faulty?
If you’re talking about OBD as in OBD-II like you’d find in a car, you wouldn’t get reporting on the status of individual components unless the device you’re connected too can actually test it’s own parts and is programmed to report that out over the CAN (OBD) bus. I don’t imagine many devices do that, but some may check the status of some key components.
If you’re talking about components on a circuit board, the only real way to test those would be to remove the parts and test them with a component tester, or possibly measure voltages on individual pins to see if they are approximately what you’d expect.
Another thing you can try is swapping in a known good part for a suspected bad part and see if problems go away, but sometimes there may be other parts in a circuit that are bad that cause your swapped in part to fail so don’t do that with an expensive or hard to replace part.