How do I ‘release’ the stepper motor so it is easy to turn by hand as part of my Arduino sketch?
Pull the SLP pin low to disable the driver outputs.
How do I prevent damaging the EasyDriver when I turn it by hand?
Turn the motor slowly, Steppers generate AC power when turned by hand and the faster you turn them the higher the voltage that's produced. Turning the motor slowly will reduce the voltage and protect the driver.
Possibly, but they are only going to stop 1/2 of the AC waveform and will cause the motor to be hard to turn. If you put them in the wrong direction, they will short out the driver. You’re better off just turning the motor slowly.