Using an Arduino board to replicate a Qwiic (I2C) sensor is possible, but not easy. The code would need to replicate all of the commands and/or register reads and writes. Enough to fool the OpenLog Artemis firmware and the underlying sensor library into thinking that the sensor is attached, so it will request and log the data. Possible, but not easy.
The ADS1015 breakout is less than $12.00, any reason why you couldn’t just use that? That’s cheaper (and a lot easier) than programming another arduino to do the same job.
The SparkFun Qwiic Button might be a good place to start. The OLA firmware supports the Qwiic Button for event marking or configuration logging. The product page and hook-up guide were missing that information - I have just added it now. The Qwiic Button has a ATTINY84 processor on it and is configured as an I2C peripheral. All of the code you need to emulate an I2C device / sensor is already in the Qwiic Button firmware. You would need to modify the Qwiic Button firmware so that instead of recording the button press or click timing information, it reports your RPM value instead. The button switch is connected to GPIO8 and is interrupt-capable, perfect for RPM measurement. We sell the Qwiic Button without the button:
This will not be an easy project. You will need to learn how the Qwiic Button firmware works, modify it to replace the button click or press timing with your RPM value based on interrupt timings, reprogram the ATTINY with your modified firmware. Only after you have done all of that will the OpenLog Artemis be able to log the RPM values as if they were button press timings. I say again, this will not be an easy project, but it could be a good starting point for you.