I’m using a SparkFun Pro nRF52840 Mini. The board originally had working USB, and the hookup guide says it ships with a pre-programmed USB bootloader that supports CDC/DFU/MSD over native USB.
I then flashed firmware over SWD using ST-LINK + OpenOCD. SWD flashing still works fine, and OpenOCD detects/programs the nRF52840 successfully, so the chip is not dead.
After that, the board powers up, but USB no longer enumerates on Windows. I tried all recovery methods mentioned in the hookup guide:
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double-tap reset
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reset while holding pin 13
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factory reset by grounding pin 2 while resetting
None of these bring back USB, and the expected flashing blue pin-7 LED for bootloader mode never appears. According to the guide, those methods should restore/enter bootloader mode and make a USB serial port or removable drive appear.
My conclusion is that I likely overwrote or corrupted the USB bootloader region while flashing via SWD. Since SWD still works but all bootloader-entry methods fail, I think I now need the correct SparkFun/compatible bootloader image to restore over SWD. The hookup guide also points to the SWD interface specifically for bypassing/recovering from bootloader problems.