Wodan, were you able to resolve your expLoRaBLE problem?
I have what appears to me the same issue.
I have a SparkFun The Things Plus ExpLoRaBLE Plus (#WRL-17506), and that I recently obtained and configured as per hook-up guide. Using the basic LoRaWAN sketch that was provided on the website, I modified for OTAA (over the air authentication), based on work I had done for my SparkFun SAMD-21 Pro RF LoRaWAN board that does work. I also modified that transmit interval to 120000 millisec (2 minutes). I monitor the device via the TTN dashboard and see that is joins the network. But, receive the RX TIMEOUT Error that appears similar to the error messages you posted in 2021.
Packet queued
[snippet]
253100771: EV_TXDONE
01:07:29.614: engineUpdate[opmode=0x888]
01:07:34.601: RX_MODE[mod=LoRa,sf=7,bw=500,cr=4/5,nocrc=1,ih=0,freq=923.3,rxtime=253413198]
01:07:34.615: WARNING: rxtime is 242 ticks in the past! (ramp-up time 5 ms / 372 ticks)
01:07:34.624: RX: TIMEOUT
01:07:35.605: RX_MODE[mod=LoRa,sf=12,bw=500,cr=4/5,nocrc=1,ih=0,freq=923.3,rxtime=253475946]
01:07:35.619: WARNING: rxtime is 248 ticks in the past! (ramp-up time 5 ms / 372 ticks)
01:07:35.676: RX: TIMEOUT
253515379: EV_TXCOMPLETE (includes waiting for RX windows)
01:07:36.251: engineUpdate[opmode=0x800]
Do you recall how you resolved your problem?