Do I need to add additional power source somewhere (5V pin, or else) to benefit of this active antenna ? Or does my actual pinout be enough powerfull ?
3.3V is all you need. Supply the GPS with that and the GPS will supply power to the antenna. Your 3.3 volt power supply should be able to supply at least 100mA just to be safe.
So If I interface the SparkFun GPS Breakout NEO-M9N U.FL board with USB to TTL converter, the provided current is specified by the RaspberryPi4 USB device.
I don’t know anything about your adapter but the GPS needs 3.3 volt power and I/O.
The Pi should be able to supply this directly from it’s GPIO header without any issues, no need for an USB to TTL adapter.
You could still use a USB to TTL adapter but make sure it can supply 3.3 volts at 100mA and also uses 3.3 volt I/O. If you give the GPS 5 volt I/O you might destroy it.